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How can we know if the grammatical name of an expression is a noun phrase/clause?
A noun phrase/clause can identified as beginning with any of the following tips:
1. It can begin with any of the article “a/an/the”
E.g
My father planted the trees in our garden several years ago
. . . the trees in our garden several years ago
G. Name: Noun phrase
Function: Object of the sentence
It is a noun phrase because it begins with the noun ‘trees’ modified by the article ‘the.’
It is a phrase because it does not contain a verb.
2. Sometimes, the noun may not be modified by any article
Eg
We have vehicles on roads at night.
. . . vehicles on roads at night
G. Name: Noun phrase
Function: Object of the sentence
It is a phrase because it does not contain a verb
3. Noun phrase/clause can be introduced by a gerund I.e base+ing
Eg
Driving could be very dangerous at night, considering the deplorable state of Nigerian roads
Driving could be very dangerous at night . . .
G.Name: Noun phrase
Function: Subject if the sentence
It is a noun clause because it begins with a gerund -ing. The word ‘driving’ is acting as a noun in this sentence.
The function is SUBJECT because is the introducing ‘noun’ appears before the verb ‘could’
The expression is a phrase because the verb ‘could’ is not a finite verb. It does not agree with time and number as used in the sentence.
4. Noun phrase/clause can be introduced by a past participle standing before a noun. Such verbs are called the participial non-finite verbs. They are verbs in their past tense form. But they do not perform the function of verbs when used as adjective to modify nouns in expressions.
Eg.
My father, the retired principal has been the pastor of this church for so many years noun
. . . the retired principal has been the pastor of this church. . .
G.Name: Noun Clause
Function: Appositive
It is a noun clause because it begins with a participle modified by the article ‘the’. Note that ‘retired’ is not a verb in this expression it is an adjective modifying ‘principal.’
The function is appositive because “the retired principal” is renaming “My father.
5. Noun phrase/clause can be introduced by a pronoun like I/We/You/They/He/She/It
Eg.
He wanted to play a smart one one his friends, but luck ran out on him.
He wanted to play a smart one on his friends . . .
G. Name: Noun clause
Function: Subject of the sentence
6. Noun phrase/clause can be introduced by a pronoun like ‘What’
Eg.
I could not understand what he said over the phone
. . . What he said over the phone
G.Name: Noun clause
Function: Object of the sentence
I hope this helps!
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